Adverbs of Frequency
Today my friends John, Ted and I are running in a 10K event benefiting breast cancer research. I don’t run often, so I’m nervous but excited!
Ted: Belle, I never see you wear sweatpants. This is the first time!
Belle: I usually wear them at home.
Ted: I hope John gets here soon. He’s always late.
Belle: Do you often run in these events?
Ted: Rarely. I prefer hiking, but this event is for a good cause.
What are John, Ted and Belle doing today?
Does Belle often go running?
Adverbs of Frequency
adverb + verb
John almost never wakes up early.
Ted sometimes sleeps in.
Does John usually eat out?
be + adverb
Belle is rarely late.
Is Katie always on time?
Choose an adverb to complete the sentence.
Frequency
| 100% | I always | I ___ watch my favorite TV show. |
| I almost always | I ___ listen to music on the train. | |
| I usually | I ___ go abroad. | |
| I often | I ___ read a book before going to bed. | |
| I sometimes | I ___ drive a car to work. | |
| I occasionally | I ___ go running at the gym. | |
| I rarely | I ___ wear snow boots. | |
| I almost never | I ___ buy popcorn at the movie theater. | |
| 0% | I never | I ___ feel relaxed at home. |
Complete the dialogue with always and never.
John: Good morning!
Belle: John, you’re almost __________ on time, but we’re glad to see you.
Ted: John’s ___________ late to meet his friends, but ________ on time for work!
John: Hurry up! We’re going to miss the start!
Talk about what shoes you wear, and how often.
“I always wear heels to work, but I usually wear sneakers on weekends.”
Adverbs of Frequency
頻度を表す副詞
Day11では、頻度を表す副詞を紹介します。
frequencyとは、How often (どれだけしはしば)という意味です。この意味を表す副詞には、以下のものがあり、頻度の度合いに並べたものです。
| always | いつも | occasionally | 場合によっては |
| usually | たいてい | rarely | めったに~ない |
| often | しばしば | almost never | ほとんどない |
| sometimes | 時々 | never | 未だかつてない |
このような頻度を表す副詞は、原則として「動詞の前」に置かれます。一般的には、「一般動詞の前」「be動詞の後ろ」と説明されることがありますが、大切なのは「実質的に修飾したい語句の前」に副詞を置くということです。
例1： I sometimes get up early in the morning.（私は時々朝早く起きます。）
例2： She is rarely on time.（彼女はめったに定刻にこない。）
例2のように、rarelyが修飾したいのは、実質的な意味合いを持っていないbe動詞ではなく、明らかにon timeですよね。ですので動詞rarelyは、on timeの前に置かれているのです。どこに置けばいいのかよく分からないかたは、be動詞や助動詞を用いた文のなかで、notがどこに置かれていたかを思い出してみるといいでしょう。頻度を表す副詞は、notと同じ位置に置けば大丈夫ですよ。